"Capital Variable 'first blocked', the house was surprisingly expensive, which Beijing is really no way to live." Nearly two months, Beijing has had two major traffic jams throughout the city, one of which is the next point, but light rain, has led to the city more than 140 main line congestion for several hours, many people do complain.
Traffic congestion, the high prices, living costs, air pollution, noise everywhere ... ... the outbreak of large city focus "city disease," so that more and more people realize that the city does not seem so beautiful, Some people even began to flee the "north Canton." And recently in an apartment fire in Jiaozhou Road Shanghai, but also people of city life to worry about the safety of sexy.
Metropolitan destined to be difficult, "Easy Living" it? Rapidly growing cities will be "trouble" until when? Governance has emerged on how "urban disease"?
① "urban disease" outbreak focus from "Easy Living" farther and farther
In order to avoid the morning rush hour, Liu Wenbo, who lives in Beijing's Daxing District 6 will go out every day, went to work at the East Third Ring Road in the company. "In fact, the company normal working hours is 9 points, but if the 7 car out, just in time for morning rush hour, and will definitely be late." Liu Wenbo told reporters. In addition to the door early in the morning, in order to avoid the evening peak, Liu Wenbo almost every day, "active" work overtime, go home before 20 o'clock. "Really do not want the time 'blocking' the road." He said. It is understood that time is traffic jams in Beijing from 2008 to the present day, an average of 3.5 hours to 5 hours, average speed of vehicles is only 15 km.
Liu Wenbo home in Henan, Beijing University, later graduating to work in Beijing in October 2008 wedding. "As ready to begin a child, wanted to have to buy at least two bedrooms. At the time, housing prices in Beijing by the international financial crisis has declined, but within the Fourth Ring of the house I still can not afford. After much deliberation, we can only In such a place to buy a house in Daxing. "
Liu Wenbo to worry about so much more than a day to "spare." "Good shopping malls, hospitals, recreational facilities are concentrated in the city center, usually toward the town will run at every turn." Now he is worried for his son to kindergarten, the capital of "hard park" is not nothing new.
In fact, in addition to high prices, traffic jams, blocks the development of an imbalance of these citizens will be able to fully appreciate the daily "urban disease", the Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other big cities also face varying degrees of population growth, shortage of resources, environmental pollution , ecological degradation and other "urban disease."
In Beijing, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" to determine the total resident population in 2008 to control people in 1625, but at the end of 2009, the actual resident population had reached 1972 million. Shanghai in 2009 reached 1921.32 million resident population, resident population of Guangzhou, has more than 14 million, it is estimated China will not be long before the emergence of a number of more than 20 million population of the city. Environmental pollution is also a headache. In Shenzhen, many rivers have been seriously polluted, even if located in the Pearl River Delta, the city is still a serious shortage of water resources in China one of the cities, the per capita possession of water resources in 2009 has fallen to 20 years ago, 1 / 18. MSW per year growth rate of about 10%, but most simply buried garbage can, Beijing, Guangzhou and other places was a "waste Besieged City" phenomenon.
There is no doubt the benefits of the city. On the one hand, the same infrastructure investment, intensive use can generate higher incomes and more employment; the other hand, the aggregation of the population to make service development, and urbanization accompanied the process of socialization of family activities so that people improve the quality of life, more time for education, culture, leisure, entertainment and other activities. However, when the city expanded to a certain extent, "urban disease" will follow.
Chinese City Management Association, Luo Yameng that the city is an open complex giant system, is a contradictory unity of sports complex, hard to avoid this kind of problem, the city a little bit, "disease" is normal, they do not "terminally ill "lead city" paralysis "can control. Only large cities, "urban disease" more serious cases, a number of more pressing needs of governance.
"'City disease' is a product of urbanization. Large high concentration of urban functions, while the surrounding small towns function not complete, from promoting economic development and improve efficiency point of view, large cities have many advantages because of this, people, money , and material factors of production to keep the urban agglomeration, leading to the increasing scale of cities, all kinds of 'city disease' attendant. "Geography and Regional Development, Chinese Academy of Economic Research, said Zhang Wenzhong, deputy director.
"Urban disease" is the opposite of urban livability. Everyone wants, bustling modern city is both livable and comfortable.
Luoya Meng said that there are many livable standard, but according to the views of academics in general, the city is livable, there is a "red line": environmental carrying capacity. "The intensity of human activity beyond the carrying capacity of the urban environment, before the greater the intensity of human activities, the higher urban livability; but in the intensity of human activities over the city's environmental carrying capacity, the greater the intensity of human activities, the more the city's livability low. "Luoya Meng said. He believes that the current Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large urban population, over-aggregation, human activities have exceeded the capacity of the environment, leading to shortage of resources, ecological degradation, and many other "urban disease", from "Easy Living" farther and farther .
② "urban disease" is not a non-governance, as soon as possible to improve the quality scale expansion by the Dell MN151 Battery
Liao Jiaming live in the East Gate Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, almost every day she can see the front of the Shenzhen City People's Hospital of anxious people line up to register. "Some people before dawn to line up at the beginning did not understand that he saw a few times to understand the disease." Liao Jiaming told reporters in July of this year to see her teeth, ran twice before we put the number Not long ago went cold, put up numbers and you still waiting for more than three hours before their turn for treatment. It is understood that, due to the influx of large numbers of foreign workers in Shenzhen, Shenzhen serious shortage of medical resources. Shenzhen by the end of 2008 population of 12,690,000 calculations of effective management, the city has a number of beds 1.66 per thousand, lower than the national level of 3.20 over the same period, practitioners per thousand population (Assistant), MD 164 people, only with the national average (1.62 people) was flat, these two indicators are ranked in the provincial cities in the country last bit.
Beijing Xuanwu District DU incense camp is for the repair zipper grandmother recently depressed. Grandma Elsie had a few days before the zip is on the jacket can be found around the nearby mall selling tailor pants only to change their own trousers, who do not take such a small live. "A side by side around the mall, how to find but not for the zipper place?" Finally after a neighbor pointing, Du Grandma take a bus three stops to find a zipper for small shops. "20 dollars to put on a zipper, which should be in the home, the street's tailors charge only 2 yuan." Grandma Elsie is very depressing.
Compared to other regions, large cities, the infrastructure has been very favorable, why hand, there will be much inconvenience it?
Wenzhong that, on the one hand, because of the excessive increase in urban population digested the effects of infrastructure development, public transport is the most obvious example. It is estimated that each additional 1 in Beijing, will increase the amount of traffic travel at 2.64 times, the "Eleventh Five-Year" during the Beijing Railway operating mileage doubled, passenger traffic has quadrupled. On the other hand, irrational allocation of urban infrastructure, management, utilization of scientific result is not high. For example, car ownership in Beijing than New York, Tokyo, but they are much more serious than traffic jam. "In services, the city can not only large supermarkets, department stores, the city is a multi-level group to safeguard the system, urban planning should consider the needs of different groups of Dell ru586 Battery, especially considering the low-income, disadvantaged groups living needs, protect their living space and living conditions. "Wenzhong stressed.
Liaojia Ming, Du grandmother feel that the general public on urban infrastructure facilities and comfort of the urgent requirements. This is an important indicator of a livable city is one. "'City disease' is not a non-treatment. With the expectations of city residents on the increase of livable, urban development should be the scale of expansion to quality improvement by the transformation." Luoya Meng said.
Luo Yameng advocates, the state should control the inflated scale of large cities. He said that even by 700 million people live in cities, the per capita standard of 100 square meters, estimated urban land need only 70,000 square kilometers. The current land use of urban planning and development zones planned land use has far exceeded this figure, even if no new construction land, as long as the inventory of existing land, optimize utilization, but also to meet the needs of future urbanization.
The good news is, the relevant departments have begun to improve the quality of the city of a step. November 20, according to Beijing Municipal Planning Commission in the "capital of the seventeenth report on Architectural Design Exhibition" on display, Subway Line 6, and 10, Hu Jia Lou Station lines will be to achieve "flat layer transfer", CBD the core area of a nearly 10 air corridor high-rise building will be used in series, and share the underground garage. "I hope that the subway line and transfer the design to the continuous improvement, and hope the ground traffic jam eased so that the public no longer travel by the 'blocking'." Working in Beijing, Hubei girl Shili Zhu has long suffered "Ride the pain" She is looking forward to this.
③ Changes in urban development "baton", experts suggest, may wish to set the "baby carriages Index"
What kind of city considered livable? In 2007, the Chinese Society for Urban Studies and other units to lead the completion of the "livable city evaluation index system of scientific research" by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Division of science and technology acceptance. According to the standards, the degree of social civilization, the degree of economic prosperity and beautiful environment, resource load degree, low degree of life, public safety and comprehensive evaluation of the seven items to evaluate the extent of a livable city, suitable for living index in 80 consolidated above, can be called the "livable city."
"It just science-oriented evaluation criteria, not mandatory administrative and technical standards, therefore, urban planning and urban management does not have the binding force." The person in charge of research Luoya Meng told reporters. He believes that the lack of quality evaluation standard of urbanization such constraints, "currently in our urban planning and urban management, the contradiction between ideal and reality is the biggest carrying capacity of resources and 'CD GDP of' conflict." Him, For a long time, GDP is the evaluation and examination of an important indicator of urban development, urban managers are assessing the work of an important indicator of performance, "only on the GDP," a direct result of scale Dell pc764 Battery of urban development onto the road.
Perennial concern about the development of regional economic geography Professor Zhang Wenzhong that scientific and rational basis for planning and urban management is the key. He, summarizing many of large urban planning and management of international experience and lessons learned, urban planning functions should improve the surrounding areas to minimize the separation functional living, reduce the "pendulum style" commuter; urban planning should be to evacuate the main city functions, to minimize the flow of people, the logistics of the highly concentrated in the central city; proportion of the population, etc. shall be the rational allocation of public resources to promote high-quality balanced allocation of public resources. "To the city as a system to manage. Can not stop-sake of discussion, to take into consideration urban development, functional layout." Wenzhong said.
Currently, a new model of integrated management of the city, is the rise in some cities. Qingyuan City, near Guangzhou, the newly established Authority has undertaken in the past the city's comprehensive landscaping, sanitation, urban lighting, city bridges, urban roads and supporting facilities, appearance of the city management and urban integrated monitoring and other functions of the department , urban management center of gravity forward in urban planning, administrative licensing, social and educational aspects of resolving conflicts.
"Lack of seriousness of urban planning and stability of leadership in many cities is often a term of planning, urban management also contributed to confusion, 'city disease' increasing one of the reasons." Wenzhong think. He argues that China has a clear "Town and Country Planning Act," the law must strengthen its seriousness, can not be replaced with the leadership and change planning; planning should also absorb the introduction of public participation, solicit the views of all parties and all walks of life .
Regional inequality in the cultural genes "urban disease" also plays a role in the formation, Luo Yameng of road. Liu Wenbo the field of youth work in Beijing, the experience confirmed his Dell inspiron 1210 Battery. "Every time I go home, relatives and friends regarded you as guests, parents felt a great face, we are not because of how much money you earn, but that can mess with Beijing is very great." Liu Wenbo said, "and work in the home Jiaozuo students compared to my house than him, than he is of your mortgage, work pressure than him, but we think that Beijing is better than in Jiaozuo. "" This mentality is the culture of regional inequality at work. "Luo Yameng analysis that led to a certain extent, this large urban population continues to expand.
Luo Yameng that to control large city "urban disease", in fact, unbalanced regional development is to solve the problem, therefore, promote the concept of regional equality, as much as possible to avoid the concept of the regional inequities in laws, regulations and regional development planning in everything, for the prevention and control "urban disease" also has some practical significance.
Shanghai World Expo has just ended, many experts discussed the problem of the city livable. Among them, the establishment of diplomatic relations deputy director of Shanghai Shen Xiao-Su, a view of extraordinary attention, in his view should be a livable city, "any child car appeared in the streets," the city. Because, baby carriages can take to the streets, the back, including related facilities are accessible, the road is smooth, the air is fresh enough, the people have leisure time and Dell studio 1535 Battery.
Chinese cities are constantly growing, growing up in city streets is not to have people pushing baby carriages leisurely? People love the city's expectations.
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